Mast cell-orchestrated immunity to pathogens
... are strategically located at the host–environment interface, proximal to both blood vessels (FIG. 1a,b) and lymphatic vessels (FIG. 1c), as well as to nerve fibres (FIG. 1d) and tissue-resident immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) (FIG. 1e). Despite having a common lineage, granulated morph ...
... are strategically located at the host–environment interface, proximal to both blood vessels (FIG. 1a,b) and lymphatic vessels (FIG. 1c), as well as to nerve fibres (FIG. 1d) and tissue-resident immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) (FIG. 1e). Despite having a common lineage, granulated morph ...
Full-Text PDF
... inflammation, raised levels indicate iron overload. In hereditary haemochromatosis, it is well-known that serum ferritin levels are associated with advanced fibrosis [54]. Studies suggest that ferritin can ...
... inflammation, raised levels indicate iron overload. In hereditary haemochromatosis, it is well-known that serum ferritin levels are associated with advanced fibrosis [54]. Studies suggest that ferritin can ...
The Cellular Basis of the Impaired Autologous Mixed Lymphocyte
... liferation of T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes from these patients, on the other hand, respond normally to B lymphocytes. These observations demonstrate that the impaired autologous MLR in SLE patients resulted from a defect in the stimulatory capacity of their B lymphocytes. The impaired stimulatory c ...
... liferation of T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes from these patients, on the other hand, respond normally to B lymphocytes. These observations demonstrate that the impaired autologous MLR in SLE patients resulted from a defect in the stimulatory capacity of their B lymphocytes. The impaired stimulatory c ...
Th1/Th2 Balance - Alternative Medicine Review
... interaction with APCs, the diversity and relative intensity of these interactions, and the cytokine receptors available on the naive cell. This “wholistic” scenario for Th1/Th2 maturation is more consistent with the great mass of existing evidence than are other scenarios that envision “master” cyto ...
... interaction with APCs, the diversity and relative intensity of these interactions, and the cytokine receptors available on the naive cell. This “wholistic” scenario for Th1/Th2 maturation is more consistent with the great mass of existing evidence than are other scenarios that envision “master” cyto ...
CD4+ T Cells Targeting Dominant and Cryptic Epitopes from
... importance of PA in developing vaccination strategies against anthrax infection, it has lately become clear that LF may represent a major target not only for antibody responses, but also T cell immunity in naturally exposed individuals. Our previous work has shown that epitopes identified from domain ...
... importance of PA in developing vaccination strategies against anthrax infection, it has lately become clear that LF may represent a major target not only for antibody responses, but also T cell immunity in naturally exposed individuals. Our previous work has shown that epitopes identified from domain ...
Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University
... IFN-α inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines but increases TGF-β during AIA (Paper II).................. 38 The protective effect of IFN-α in AIA is mediated by TGF-β1 (Paper III) ........................................ 43 Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase and IFN-α-protection of AIA (Paper III) .......... ...
... IFN-α inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines but increases TGF-β during AIA (Paper II).................. 38 The protective effect of IFN-α in AIA is mediated by TGF-β1 (Paper III) ........................................ 43 Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase and IFN-α-protection of AIA (Paper III) .......... ...
A study of the contribution of mast cells to vaccination
... and mucosal immune responses [4-5]. Strikingly, mucosal immunization can generate effective secretory IgA (SIgA) even at mucosal sites distant from where the vaccine is delivered. For example, nasal immunization can generate protective mucosal antibodies in the genital tract mucosa, which demonstrat ...
... and mucosal immune responses [4-5]. Strikingly, mucosal immunization can generate effective secretory IgA (SIgA) even at mucosal sites distant from where the vaccine is delivered. For example, nasal immunization can generate protective mucosal antibodies in the genital tract mucosa, which demonstrat ...
Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and
... and deficiency in DNase or RNase leads to poor lysosomal degradation (5). Although these defects heighten the burden of apoptotic debris and promote some of the phenotypes associated with lupus, ablation of opsonins or their receptors is insufficient to promote severe disease (6, 7). One consequence ...
... and deficiency in DNase or RNase leads to poor lysosomal degradation (5). Although these defects heighten the burden of apoptotic debris and promote some of the phenotypes associated with lupus, ablation of opsonins or their receptors is insufficient to promote severe disease (6, 7). One consequence ...
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 has anti
... III consists of an automated bright-field microscope with image and proprietary processing analysis software for evaluating tissue sections on glass microscope slides. For each slide, the entire tissue section was scanned, and results are represented as the percentage of cells staining positive. Exa ...
... III consists of an automated bright-field microscope with image and proprietary processing analysis software for evaluating tissue sections on glass microscope slides. For each slide, the entire tissue section was scanned, and results are represented as the percentage of cells staining positive. Exa ...
Establishment of immunohistochemical double staining
... expressing cytolytic T-‐ cells recognize antigens associated with MHC I. T cells shall not react to self-‐ antigens, but only to foreign antigen fragments bound. The lack of response is called self-‐to ...
... expressing cytolytic T-‐ cells recognize antigens associated with MHC I. T cells shall not react to self-‐ antigens, but only to foreign antigen fragments bound. The lack of response is called self-‐to ...
Regulatory T cells
... -R cells do not produce IL-2 -R cells need both APC and IL-2 signals to proliferate and survive in vivo. -R cells inhibit E cell activation and production of IL2 by a mechanism requiring their colocalized activation at the APCs -R cells constitutively over express the Alpha chain of IL2R (CD25), whi ...
... -R cells do not produce IL-2 -R cells need both APC and IL-2 signals to proliferate and survive in vivo. -R cells inhibit E cell activation and production of IL2 by a mechanism requiring their colocalized activation at the APCs -R cells constitutively over express the Alpha chain of IL2R (CD25), whi ...
Experimental Biology and Medicine
... that can regulate an allergen-specific Th2 immune response may provide long-lasting control of asthma. Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies demonstrating a therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rodent models of acute lung inflammation and fibrosis, which suggest that ...
... that can regulate an allergen-specific Th2 immune response may provide long-lasting control of asthma. Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies demonstrating a therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rodent models of acute lung inflammation and fibrosis, which suggest that ...
Origin of Anti-tumor Immunity Failure in Mammals
... variability as a result of the Recombination Activating Genes (RAG) activity (Abbas et al., 2003). MHC class I and class II genes, RAG genes as well as TCR and Ig have only been identified in jawed vertebrates. No molecular evidence has been found that the adoptive immune system traces its origin st ...
... variability as a result of the Recombination Activating Genes (RAG) activity (Abbas et al., 2003). MHC class I and class II genes, RAG genes as well as TCR and Ig have only been identified in jawed vertebrates. No molecular evidence has been found that the adoptive immune system traces its origin st ...
probiotics – identification and ways of action
... tissue is the largest in size compared with other areas of the body. It is well known that bacteria are critical for the development and functioning of the immune system at this level, being actually the defence mechanism against infection by pathogens (Cebra, 1999, Falk et al., 1998). Intestinal ly ...
... tissue is the largest in size compared with other areas of the body. It is well known that bacteria are critical for the development and functioning of the immune system at this level, being actually the defence mechanism against infection by pathogens (Cebra, 1999, Falk et al., 1998). Intestinal ly ...
Biosketch - University of Florida
... weight infants led to a change in practice. In a series of three investigations, we presented evidence that neonates do not manifest clinically-apparent immunoparalysis as seen in older children and adults after sepsis and that neonates with sepsis have altered vaccine responses manifested months af ...
... weight infants led to a change in practice. In a series of three investigations, we presented evidence that neonates do not manifest clinically-apparent immunoparalysis as seen in older children and adults after sepsis and that neonates with sepsis have altered vaccine responses manifested months af ...
Radioimmunotherapy Is More Effective than Antifungal Treatment
... Figure 2. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of mice infected with nonmelanized or melanized Cryptococcus neoformans. AJ/Cr mice were infected intravenously with 3 ⫻ 105 C. neoformans cells and 24 h later either given 100 mCi of 213Bi-18B7 RIT; given amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg per gram of body weight o ...
... Figure 2. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of mice infected with nonmelanized or melanized Cryptococcus neoformans. AJ/Cr mice were infected intravenously with 3 ⫻ 105 C. neoformans cells and 24 h later either given 100 mCi of 213Bi-18B7 RIT; given amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg per gram of body weight o ...
the role of the c5a receptor in host defense against listeria
... secretion of IFN-γ, an essential cytokine that increases the bactericidal capabilities of macrophages (21, 24). Similarly, CD8+ T cells have bactericidal activity through some combination of cytokine production and cytolytic activity (24). While adaptive immunity is required for total clearance of L ...
... secretion of IFN-γ, an essential cytokine that increases the bactericidal capabilities of macrophages (21, 24). Similarly, CD8+ T cells have bactericidal activity through some combination of cytokine production and cytolytic activity (24). While adaptive immunity is required for total clearance of L ...
Psoriasis and Stress–Psoriasis Aspect of Psychoneuroendocrinology
... the stable internal environment of the body, that may contribute directly to the production of disease or it can contribute to the development of certain behaviors that increases the risk of disease. The process that counteracts this disruption and maintains homeostasis is termed allostasis. Allosta ...
... the stable internal environment of the body, that may contribute directly to the production of disease or it can contribute to the development of certain behaviors that increases the risk of disease. The process that counteracts this disruption and maintains homeostasis is termed allostasis. Allosta ...
T cells - University of East Anglia
... hormone production[7]. The base of the crypts in the GIT contain undifferentiated stem cells from which progenitor cells are derived[8-10] and develop into any of one of four major differentiated epithelial cell types; enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells[6]. Leucine-rich r ...
... hormone production[7]. The base of the crypts in the GIT contain undifferentiated stem cells from which progenitor cells are derived[8-10] and develop into any of one of four major differentiated epithelial cell types; enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells[6]. Leucine-rich r ...
Induction of inhibitory central nervous system-derived and
... CNS (Fontana et al., 1984; Frei et al., 1987). However, the identification of dendritic cells in the CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis (Pashenkov et al., 2001; Plumb et al., 2003) and of animals with EAE (Matyszak and Perry, 1996; Suter et al., 2000) fostered numerous recent studies suggesting ...
... CNS (Fontana et al., 1984; Frei et al., 1987). However, the identification of dendritic cells in the CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis (Pashenkov et al., 2001; Plumb et al., 2003) and of animals with EAE (Matyszak and Perry, 1996; Suter et al., 2000) fostered numerous recent studies suggesting ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.