Influence of a thin metal layer on a beam propagation in
... century was significant. Fibre technology can be divided into two parts: telecommunication and non−telecommuni− cation. The telecommunication part is a good compound and now many of guided researches are oriented on capac− ity increase, optimization or existing systems’ improve− ment. Development of ...
... century was significant. Fibre technology can be divided into two parts: telecommunication and non−telecommuni− cation. The telecommunication part is a good compound and now many of guided researches are oriented on capac− ity increase, optimization or existing systems’ improve− ment. Development of ...
measuring wavelength discrimination threshold along the entire
... At the dawn of color deficiency research E NGELKING (1925), later N ELSON (1938), furthermore M C K EON and W RIGHT (1940) measured the wavelength discrimination ability of anomalous color vision people [5], [6]. According to their measurements there are significant differences among the wavelength ...
... At the dawn of color deficiency research E NGELKING (1925), later N ELSON (1938), furthermore M C K EON and W RIGHT (1940) measured the wavelength discrimination ability of anomalous color vision people [5], [6]. According to their measurements there are significant differences among the wavelength ...
Proposal - MISC Lab
... Flow through the strait is modulated by a range of processes including tidal fluctuations, subtropical cyclones, seasonal variations that include the NW and SE Monsoons, sea level oscillations in the Indian Ocean, interannual variations such as El Nino/La Nina events [Murray and Arief, 1988; Arief a ...
... Flow through the strait is modulated by a range of processes including tidal fluctuations, subtropical cyclones, seasonal variations that include the NW and SE Monsoons, sea level oscillations in the Indian Ocean, interannual variations such as El Nino/La Nina events [Murray and Arief, 1988; Arief a ...
Temporal coherence characteristics of a superluminescent
... 3.3 The long-scan-range interference results We next observe the long-scan-range interference patterns with one by one wave packets of the SLD system at various optical feedback ratios. The one by one wave packets of interference patterns are caused by the Fabry-Perot modulation of the SLD device, a ...
... 3.3 The long-scan-range interference results We next observe the long-scan-range interference patterns with one by one wave packets of the SLD system at various optical feedback ratios. The one by one wave packets of interference patterns are caused by the Fabry-Perot modulation of the SLD device, a ...
Optical Cavity for the Strontium Lattice Atomic Clock
... therefore the interaction between the atoms, is reduced. For this project a test system is necessary to test the vacuum chamber viewports, which involved building a laser diode and an optical cavity. This paper will explore the theory behind both as well as their implementation. ...
... therefore the interaction between the atoms, is reduced. For this project a test system is necessary to test the vacuum chamber viewports, which involved building a laser diode and an optical cavity. This paper will explore the theory behind both as well as their implementation. ...
Near-field amplitude and phase recovery using phase
... homodyned interferometric measurements are taken at each pixel, separated by π /2 radians in optical phase, typically accomplished by movement of the reference mirror[15]. From these two measurements, amplitude and phase may be extracted in post-processing. The two measurements may be instantaneous ...
... homodyned interferometric measurements are taken at each pixel, separated by π /2 radians in optical phase, typically accomplished by movement of the reference mirror[15]. From these two measurements, amplitude and phase may be extracted in post-processing. The two measurements may be instantaneous ...
Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis of solitonic pulse
... geometries for useful functions in areas such as optical communication [3, 4], signal processing in the nanoscale regime [5]. Its nonlinear phase response can also be readily incorporated into an interferometer system to produce a specific intensity output function [6, 7]. One interesting result eme ...
... geometries for useful functions in areas such as optical communication [3, 4], signal processing in the nanoscale regime [5]. Its nonlinear phase response can also be readily incorporated into an interferometer system to produce a specific intensity output function [6, 7]. One interesting result eme ...
Accurate predictive model for twisted nematic liquid crystal devices. Application
... input, a readout optical beam [Efr95,Ser99]. Although the output of the device is by definition optical, the input signal may be introduced either optically or ...
... input, a readout optical beam [Efr95,Ser99]. Although the output of the device is by definition optical, the input signal may be introduced either optically or ...
Lecture 5
... amount of energy absorbed. Thus, we need to define the Dose, with units of energy density (mJ/cm2), as the Intensity (or power density) times the exposure time. • We can also define D100= the minimum dose for which the photoresist will completely dissolve ...
... amount of energy absorbed. Thus, we need to define the Dose, with units of energy density (mJ/cm2), as the Intensity (or power density) times the exposure time. • We can also define D100= the minimum dose for which the photoresist will completely dissolve ...
Advanced Applications
... the vapor cell, thereby ensuring that the input is linearly polarized. Due to the presence of the weak magnetic field, the absorption profiles of the two circular components (+ and -) that comprise the linearly polarized input beam are shifted to higher and lower frequencies, respectively. After pas ...
... the vapor cell, thereby ensuring that the input is linearly polarized. Due to the presence of the weak magnetic field, the absorption profiles of the two circular components (+ and -) that comprise the linearly polarized input beam are shifted to higher and lower frequencies, respectively. After pas ...
optical design of an echelle grating based atomic emission
... also lacks the flexibility of changing the analytical lines at will since the slits are positioned permanently. An echelle grating based spectrometer with a charge coupled device (CCD) detector overcomes these limitations by allowing continuous recording of lines in the entire wavelength band of the ...
... also lacks the flexibility of changing the analytical lines at will since the slits are positioned permanently. An echelle grating based spectrometer with a charge coupled device (CCD) detector overcomes these limitations by allowing continuous recording of lines in the entire wavelength band of the ...
Nonlinear effects in Silicon Waveguides
... • Spectrum of each soliton shifts toward longer wavelengths by a smaller amount because of a narrower Raman-gain spectrum of silicon. • Similar to the case of optical fibers, each soliton is expected to emit dispersive waves with frequencies on the blue side. • Numerical simulations confirm the pote ...
... • Spectrum of each soliton shifts toward longer wavelengths by a smaller amount because of a narrower Raman-gain spectrum of silicon. • Similar to the case of optical fibers, each soliton is expected to emit dispersive waves with frequencies on the blue side. • Numerical simulations confirm the pote ...
this PDF file
... can improve the machining accuracy effectively. The disadvantage is that the displacement information of only one linear axis can be provided, thus resulting in various limitations in functions. Many studies have been conducted on optical encoder design and signal processing technique in early stage ...
... can improve the machining accuracy effectively. The disadvantage is that the displacement information of only one linear axis can be provided, thus resulting in various limitations in functions. Many studies have been conducted on optical encoder design and signal processing technique in early stage ...
A high numerical aperture (NA = 0.92)
... objective lens’ optical performance. The planar side of the Weierstrass-like lens (see Fig. 1(a)) is particularly designed to include a mechanical stop, allowing the distance between the two lenses one of the few critical parameters to be precisely set and, furthermore, preventing any clipping of th ...
... objective lens’ optical performance. The planar side of the Weierstrass-like lens (see Fig. 1(a)) is particularly designed to include a mechanical stop, allowing the distance between the two lenses one of the few critical parameters to be precisely set and, furthermore, preventing any clipping of th ...
4.1 Simulated Emission and Photon Amplification
... The principle of the LASER. (a) Atoms in the ground state are pumped up to the energy level E3 by incoming photons of energy hυ13 = E3 –E1 . (b) Atoms at E3 rapidly decay to the metastable state at energy level E2 by emitting photons or emitting lattice vibrations; hυ32 = E3 –E2 . (c) As the states ...
... The principle of the LASER. (a) Atoms in the ground state are pumped up to the energy level E3 by incoming photons of energy hυ13 = E3 –E1 . (b) Atoms at E3 rapidly decay to the metastable state at energy level E2 by emitting photons or emitting lattice vibrations; hυ32 = E3 –E2 . (c) As the states ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
... Figure (5.b) shows the refractive index as function of wavelength for pristine and nitrogen plasma treated PS films at different durations. It is clear from this figure, that the refractive index for pristine and nitrogen plasma treated PS films decrease with increasing λ. Also the values of (n) sho ...
... Figure (5.b) shows the refractive index as function of wavelength for pristine and nitrogen plasma treated PS films at different durations. It is clear from this figure, that the refractive index for pristine and nitrogen plasma treated PS films decrease with increasing λ. Also the values of (n) sho ...
Detecting tissue optical and mechanical properties with an
... with various time delays after the launch. The CCD speckle contrast C is defined as C= σ/〈I〉 , where σ and 〈I〉 are the standard deviation and mean of the CCD pixel intensities respectively. At t = 0 ms, the signal (∆C (0)) was acquired immediately after the ultrasound burst and before the spreading ...
... with various time delays after the launch. The CCD speckle contrast C is defined as C= σ/〈I〉 , where σ and 〈I〉 are the standard deviation and mean of the CCD pixel intensities respectively. At t = 0 ms, the signal (∆C (0)) was acquired immediately after the ultrasound burst and before the spreading ...
Research on the Design of an Optical Information Storage Sensing
... main optical path by the dichroic mirror and detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The remaining recording beam is filtered out by the color filter. In this system, two beams are realized in a single main optical path by the use of one laser and one objective lens, which might prove to be a reli ...
... main optical path by the dichroic mirror and detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The remaining recording beam is filtered out by the color filter. In this system, two beams are realized in a single main optical path by the use of one laser and one objective lens, which might prove to be a reli ...
Nonlinear polarization effects in optical fibers: polarization attraction
... in fibers is the following. In the presence of an intense counterpropagating pump beam and for sufficiently high-power signal powers and/or long fiber spans, all input signal SOPs are attracted toward a well-defined SOP at the fiber output. This attracting SOP thus acts as a sort of “polarization fu ...
... in fibers is the following. In the presence of an intense counterpropagating pump beam and for sufficiently high-power signal powers and/or long fiber spans, all input signal SOPs are attracted toward a well-defined SOP at the fiber output. This attracting SOP thus acts as a sort of “polarization fu ...
Optical Measurements of Pollution Dispersion at
... given short period is proportional to λ1.2, i.e. long wavelengths are better. Indeed, the traditional wavelength for such systems is 10.6 μm from a CO2 laser. Practically, however, the cheapness and convenience of modern communications technology outweighs the 10 dB loss implicit in the move to 1.55 ...
... given short period is proportional to λ1.2, i.e. long wavelengths are better. Indeed, the traditional wavelength for such systems is 10.6 μm from a CO2 laser. Practically, however, the cheapness and convenience of modern communications technology outweighs the 10 dB loss implicit in the move to 1.55 ...
PII: 0030-4018(95)00743-1
... lo7 m-l. Fig. 1 depicts the MI gain given by Eq. (13) (solid line curve) as a function of the dimensioneless quantity p/k when E, = 5 X lo5 V/m and r = 1. Since the MI gain is symmetric with respect to p, only the positive p-branch is plotted. Moreover, it is important to note that the dimensioneles ...
... lo7 m-l. Fig. 1 depicts the MI gain given by Eq. (13) (solid line curve) as a function of the dimensioneless quantity p/k when E, = 5 X lo5 V/m and r = 1. Since the MI gain is symmetric with respect to p, only the positive p-branch is plotted. Moreover, it is important to note that the dimensioneles ...
A review on Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
... Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC). The FBT splitter is made by precisely fusing two fibers together. The PLC splitter consists of a microscopic optical circuit that is typically etched in silicon. Optical splitter is not a part of the GPON i.e without splitter we can use GPON, but if optical splitter i ...
... Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC). The FBT splitter is made by precisely fusing two fibers together. The PLC splitter consists of a microscopic optical circuit that is typically etched in silicon. Optical splitter is not a part of the GPON i.e without splitter we can use GPON, but if optical splitter i ...
Transverse Modes in Large-Mode-Area Fibers
... This thesis is devoted to the study of transverse modes in large-mode-area (LMA) fibers. It highlights the importance of transverse spatial-hole burning (TSHB) effect in LMA multimode fibers through experiments and simulations. The measured beam-quality factor decreases until the gain becomes satura ...
... This thesis is devoted to the study of transverse modes in large-mode-area (LMA) fibers. It highlights the importance of transverse spatial-hole burning (TSHB) effect in LMA multimode fibers through experiments and simulations. The measured beam-quality factor decreases until the gain becomes satura ...
PDF
... is typically greater than 0.5 dB/lm at telecommunications wavelengths (k ¼ 1.55 lm).8 This combination of high mode confinement and large propagation loss in SPPs makes it challenging to integrate them with existing semiconductor waveguide devices, such as lasers, modulators, and detectors. Though ...
... is typically greater than 0.5 dB/lm at telecommunications wavelengths (k ¼ 1.55 lm).8 This combination of high mode confinement and large propagation loss in SPPs makes it challenging to integrate them with existing semiconductor waveguide devices, such as lasers, modulators, and detectors. Though ...
Wavelength Tunable Short Pulses Sources Based on
... Currently, various methods for high-repetition rate optical pulse generation have been studied and developed using mode locked lasers [22][19], fiber ring lasers [6] or gainswitched laser diodes [11]. Such pulse sources might suffer from long term stability and overall reliability issues. Furthermor ...
... Currently, various methods for high-repetition rate optical pulse generation have been studied and developed using mode locked lasers [22][19], fiber ring lasers [6] or gainswitched laser diodes [11]. Such pulse sources might suffer from long term stability and overall reliability issues. Furthermor ...
Fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached internet speeds of over 100 petabit×kilometer per second using fiber-optic communication.The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal.