Amino Acids and Peptides-chap 3
... Why amino acids are found less commonly in proteins? Hydroxylysine and Hydroxyproline differ from parent by having hydroxyl groups on their side chains- found in connective-tissue proteins-collagen Thyroxine has extra iodine-containing aromatic group- found in thyroid glands ...
... Why amino acids are found less commonly in proteins? Hydroxylysine and Hydroxyproline differ from parent by having hydroxyl groups on their side chains- found in connective-tissue proteins-collagen Thyroxine has extra iodine-containing aromatic group- found in thyroid glands ...
Methods of industrial production 1
... • This requires specific treatments to result in export of the amino acid by a presumed carrier. A specific carrier must be present since otherwise, in addition to the charged L glutamate, other metabolites and ions would also leak from the cell and the cell would not be viable. However, Lglutamate ...
... • This requires specific treatments to result in export of the amino acid by a presumed carrier. A specific carrier must be present since otherwise, in addition to the charged L glutamate, other metabolites and ions would also leak from the cell and the cell would not be viable. However, Lglutamate ...
LIPID METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS or DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF
... The-SH group of phosphopantetheine of one subunit is in close proximity to the –SH of cysteine residue of the other subunit. Each monomer of FAS contains all the enzyme activities of fatty acid synthesis. Dimer form of enzyme is functionally active. Because the functional unit consists of half ...
... The-SH group of phosphopantetheine of one subunit is in close proximity to the –SH of cysteine residue of the other subunit. Each monomer of FAS contains all the enzyme activities of fatty acid synthesis. Dimer form of enzyme is functionally active. Because the functional unit consists of half ...
PDF - Biochemical Journal
... A 3CI isotope-dilution method which provides an Institute of Animal Phy8iology, Babraham, Camadequate standard of reference for evaluation of bridge) other methods has been developed (Cotlove & The effects on glutamate dehydrogenase of Green, 1958). The present method involves comacetate (PMA) (Hell ...
... A 3CI isotope-dilution method which provides an Institute of Animal Phy8iology, Babraham, Camadequate standard of reference for evaluation of bridge) other methods has been developed (Cotlove & The effects on glutamate dehydrogenase of Green, 1958). The present method involves comacetate (PMA) (Hell ...
PDF File
... one of the three base triples in the guanosine-binding site,[2] and hydrogen bonds between the 2’-OH group of A261 and the guanosine nucleophile may structurally connect two of these layers, presumably fortifying the interactions needed for transition-state stabilization. Because these proposed inte ...
... one of the three base triples in the guanosine-binding site,[2] and hydrogen bonds between the 2’-OH group of A261 and the guanosine nucleophile may structurally connect two of these layers, presumably fortifying the interactions needed for transition-state stabilization. Because these proposed inte ...
Modifying the chain-length selectivity of the
... chain binds up to C6 to a narrow cleft at the hydrophilic bottom of the funnel, which is formed by Pro113 and catalytic Ser87. It is lined by Val266/Val267 and Leu167/Leu17 on its left- and right-hand side, respectively. At the end of this cleft near Ser117 and Ala120, the fatty acid kinks sharply a ...
... chain binds up to C6 to a narrow cleft at the hydrophilic bottom of the funnel, which is formed by Pro113 and catalytic Ser87. It is lined by Val266/Val267 and Leu167/Leu17 on its left- and right-hand side, respectively. At the end of this cleft near Ser117 and Ala120, the fatty acid kinks sharply a ...
Tryptophan synthase uses an atypical mechanism to achieve
... performs a productive reaction with IGP and Thr. In the presence of Ser, however, and even with a 1,000-fold molar excess of Thr over Ser, there are at most trace amounts of β-MeTrp formed (Table S1). From these data, we calculate a specificity of ≥82,000 for Ser over Thr for each TrpS enzyme. Hence ...
... performs a productive reaction with IGP and Thr. In the presence of Ser, however, and even with a 1,000-fold molar excess of Thr over Ser, there are at most trace amounts of β-MeTrp formed (Table S1). From these data, we calculate a specificity of ≥82,000 for Ser over Thr for each TrpS enzyme. Hence ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... 7. When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because: a. aerobic conditions prevent the activation of phosphorylase and make less substrate available for glycolysis b. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated ...
... 7. When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because: a. aerobic conditions prevent the activation of phosphorylase and make less substrate available for glycolysis b. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated ...
Chapter 6 Mechanisms of Enzymes
... • Correct positioning of two reacting groups (in model reactions or at enzyme active sites): (1) Reduces their degrees of freedom (2) Results in a large loss of entropy (3) The relative enhanced concentration of substrates (“effective molarity”) predicts the rate acceleration expected due to this ef ...
... • Correct positioning of two reacting groups (in model reactions or at enzyme active sites): (1) Reduces their degrees of freedom (2) Results in a large loss of entropy (3) The relative enhanced concentration of substrates (“effective molarity”) predicts the rate acceleration expected due to this ef ...
Lecture 26
... Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be ...
... Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be ...
Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids Table of a
... important is the ability of histidines in hemoglobin to buffer the H+ ions from carbonic acid ionization in red blood cells. It is this property of hemoglobin that allows it to exchange O2 and CO2 at the tissues or lungs, respectively. The primary alcohol of serine and threonine as well as the thiol ...
... important is the ability of histidines in hemoglobin to buffer the H+ ions from carbonic acid ionization in red blood cells. It is this property of hemoglobin that allows it to exchange O2 and CO2 at the tissues or lungs, respectively. The primary alcohol of serine and threonine as well as the thiol ...
Separation and Purification of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
... Tyr, Pro and Glu in F-3 gh account for 82% of total amino by gel filtration. Fraction 3 (F-3) and F-4 showed a high acids, suggesting that this fraction has a high potential as inhibition of 90% or above. In particular, F-3 showed the inhibitor of ACE activities. highest ACE-inhibition of 97.8% (Fig ...
... Tyr, Pro and Glu in F-3 gh account for 82% of total amino by gel filtration. Fraction 3 (F-3) and F-4 showed a high acids, suggesting that this fraction has a high potential as inhibition of 90% or above. In particular, F-3 showed the inhibitor of ACE activities. highest ACE-inhibition of 97.8% (Fig ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nucleophilic Acyl
... -ic acid with -amide, or by replacing the -carboxylic acid ending with –carboxamide If the N is further substituted, identify the substituent groups (preceded by “N”) and then the parent amide ...
... -ic acid with -amide, or by replacing the -carboxylic acid ending with –carboxamide If the N is further substituted, identify the substituent groups (preceded by “N”) and then the parent amide ...
Chapter 21
... -ic acid with -amide, or by replacing the -carboxylic acid ending with –carboxamide If the N is further substituted, identify the substituent groups (preceded by “N”) and then the parent amide ...
... -ic acid with -amide, or by replacing the -carboxylic acid ending with –carboxamide If the N is further substituted, identify the substituent groups (preceded by “N”) and then the parent amide ...
BCH 101- 5 Amino acids
... important is the ability of histidines in hemoglobin to buffer the H + ions from carbonic acid ionization in red blood cells. It is this property of hemoglobin that allows it to exchange O 2 and CO2 at the tissues or lungs, respectively. The primary alcohol of serine and threonine as well as the thi ...
... important is the ability of histidines in hemoglobin to buffer the H + ions from carbonic acid ionization in red blood cells. It is this property of hemoglobin that allows it to exchange O 2 and CO2 at the tissues or lungs, respectively. The primary alcohol of serine and threonine as well as the thi ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... introduced directly into the combining site of an antibody by sitedirected mutagenesis of the corresponding gene. These strategies have led to the generation of antibodies that catalyze a wide array of chemical and biological reactions. Many enzyme active sites contain nucleophilic, electrophilic, b ...
... introduced directly into the combining site of an antibody by sitedirected mutagenesis of the corresponding gene. These strategies have led to the generation of antibodies that catalyze a wide array of chemical and biological reactions. Many enzyme active sites contain nucleophilic, electrophilic, b ...
Catalytic triad
A catalytic triad refers to the three amino acid residues that function together at the centre of the active site of some hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An Acid-Base-Nucleophile triad is a common motif for generating a nucleophilic residue for covalent catalysis. The residues form a charge-relay network to polarise and activate the nucleophile, which attacks the substrate, forming a covalent intermediate which is then hydrolysed to regenerate free enzyme. The nucleophile is most commonly a serine or cysteine amino acid, but occasionally threonine. Because enzymes fold into complex three-dimensional structures, the residues of a catalytic triad can be far from each other along the amino-acid sequence (primary structure), however, they are brought close together in the final fold.As well as divergent evolution of function (and even the triad's nucleophile), catalytic triads show some of the best examples of convergent evolution. Chemical constraints on catalysis have led to the same catalytic solution independently evolving in at least 23 separate superfamilies. Their mechanism of action is consequently one of the best studied in biochemistry.