PPT
... Our Radiometer Black side is hotter: gas molecules bounce off it with more momentum than on shiny side-this is a bigger effect than the photon momentum ...
... Our Radiometer Black side is hotter: gas molecules bounce off it with more momentum than on shiny side-this is a bigger effect than the photon momentum ...
What Every Physicist Should Know About String Theory
... rhyme, with similar structures at different scales of lengths and energies. We will begin today with one of those rhymes – an analogy between the problem of quantum gravity and the theory of a single particle. ...
... rhyme, with similar structures at different scales of lengths and energies. We will begin today with one of those rhymes – an analogy between the problem of quantum gravity and the theory of a single particle. ...
...detail
... simple cases (charge line, cylinder, spherical shell, sphere and plane sheet); line integral of electric field, electric potential V, E = −∇V , ∇× E = 0 ...
... simple cases (charge line, cylinder, spherical shell, sphere and plane sheet); line integral of electric field, electric potential V, E = −∇V , ∇× E = 0 ...
Concept of Law in Physics On the Concept of Law in Physics
... In this paper, I shall briefly summarize the status of laws of Nature in modern physics and speculate about the development of new laws. A central role is indeed played by gravitation. On the one hand, Einstein’s theory of general relativity has introduced a dynamical spacetime into physics and has t ...
... In this paper, I shall briefly summarize the status of laws of Nature in modern physics and speculate about the development of new laws. A central role is indeed played by gravitation. On the one hand, Einstein’s theory of general relativity has introduced a dynamical spacetime into physics and has t ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.