Ch 3 The Molecules of Cells
... Biological catalysts that keep metabolic & biochemical reactions happening Decrease the amount of activation energy required for chemical rxn to proceed ...
... Biological catalysts that keep metabolic & biochemical reactions happening Decrease the amount of activation energy required for chemical rxn to proceed ...
REVIEW CHAPTER 4 and 5
... • List some functions of fat Energy storage (1 g of fat has more than twice as much energy as 1 g of polysaccharide) ...
... • List some functions of fat Energy storage (1 g of fat has more than twice as much energy as 1 g of polysaccharide) ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
Protein catabolism in metabolic acidosis: inhibition of glycolysis by
... lactate. Oxidation of glucose seems therefore to be only a minor contributor to energy metabolism in L6, s o that impairment of glycolysis by low pH is unlikely to have a marked impact on the supply of substrate to the mitochondria. A possible explanation for the acidinduced protein catabolism and i ...
... lactate. Oxidation of glucose seems therefore to be only a minor contributor to energy metabolism in L6, s o that impairment of glycolysis by low pH is unlikely to have a marked impact on the supply of substrate to the mitochondria. A possible explanation for the acidinduced protein catabolism and i ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... the complete oxidation of pyruvate under aerobic conditions, but the two ATPs produced from lactate fermentation are sufficient to sustain the life of anaerobic microorganisms. – In human metabolism, those two ATPs play a critical role by furnishing energy when cellular supplies of oxygen are insuff ...
... the complete oxidation of pyruvate under aerobic conditions, but the two ATPs produced from lactate fermentation are sufficient to sustain the life of anaerobic microorganisms. – In human metabolism, those two ATPs play a critical role by furnishing energy when cellular supplies of oxygen are insuff ...
biol-1406_ch3.ppt
... • Contain Only Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • Most are hydrophobic and water insoluble, due to long non-polar chains • Types: fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids • Main subunit: – Fatty acid ...
... • Contain Only Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • Most are hydrophobic and water insoluble, due to long non-polar chains • Types: fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids • Main subunit: – Fatty acid ...
Carbohydrates
... Iron deficiency may lower athletic performance because of its involvement in carrying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide. Many athletes may be at risk f or iron deficiency because of poor iron intake, poor iron absorption, loss of iron in sweat, blood loss in the GI tract, and red blood cel ...
... Iron deficiency may lower athletic performance because of its involvement in carrying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide. Many athletes may be at risk f or iron deficiency because of poor iron intake, poor iron absorption, loss of iron in sweat, blood loss in the GI tract, and red blood cel ...
Adv Bio Cellular Respiration Objectives
... 4. Describe the role of ATP in coupled reactions 5. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory reactions of glycolysis 6. Generally describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes during glycolysis 7. Write a summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell 8. Descri ...
... 4. Describe the role of ATP in coupled reactions 5. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory reactions of glycolysis 6. Generally describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes during glycolysis 7. Write a summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell 8. Descri ...
REVIEW - CELL RESPIRATION
... NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ___________ PERIOD: _____ ...
... NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ___________ PERIOD: _____ ...
Crustacean Physiology in Ribeirão Preto
... For later oxidative decarboxylation the tertiary OH-group is not at the right place Dehydration results in cis-Aconitate Hydration results in Isocitrate with the OH-group at C2. ...
... For later oxidative decarboxylation the tertiary OH-group is not at the right place Dehydration results in cis-Aconitate Hydration results in Isocitrate with the OH-group at C2. ...
single bonds between carbons
... Their major function is to supply a source of cellular food Classified as monosaccharides (one sugar), disaccharide (two sugars), and polysaccharide (many sugars) Figure 2.13a ...
... Their major function is to supply a source of cellular food Classified as monosaccharides (one sugar), disaccharide (two sugars), and polysaccharide (many sugars) Figure 2.13a ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl (acid) group at one end. a. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. b. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. c. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon chain where ...
... A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl (acid) group at one end. a. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. b. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. c. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon chain where ...
biochem 37 [4-20
... Transport defect of neutral AAs (Iso, Leu, Phe, Thr, Try, & Val) in both intestines and renal tubules i. system B0 [Nupnup, mmm….turkey--tryptophan] ...
... Transport defect of neutral AAs (Iso, Leu, Phe, Thr, Try, & Val) in both intestines and renal tubules i. system B0 [Nupnup, mmm….turkey--tryptophan] ...
Carbohydrate metabolism File
... i) Glycogenesis in which the excess glucose is converted into glycogen as a cellular storage compound. ii) Glycogenolysis involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which provides a glucose supply for glucosedependent tissues. 2. Oxidative degradation to CO2 i)Glycolysis is the pathway in whic ...
... i) Glycogenesis in which the excess glucose is converted into glycogen as a cellular storage compound. ii) Glycogenolysis involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which provides a glucose supply for glucosedependent tissues. 2. Oxidative degradation to CO2 i)Glycolysis is the pathway in whic ...
Biomolecules - Food
... 29. What reagent or chemicals did you use to test for protein? 30. What is saprophytic nutrition? 31. Biomolecules of the general formula Cx(H2O)y are examples of … 32. Name the test or give the chemicals used to detect the presence of protein in a food sample. 33. Name a structural polysaccharide. ...
... 29. What reagent or chemicals did you use to test for protein? 30. What is saprophytic nutrition? 31. Biomolecules of the general formula Cx(H2O)y are examples of … 32. Name the test or give the chemicals used to detect the presence of protein in a food sample. 33. Name a structural polysaccharide. ...
Chapter 5: Self Test
... 7. When oxygen is present, a. most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. b. most animal cells will carry on fermentation and produce lactic acid. c. most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation. d. two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule. e. most animals will convert CO2 to ...
... 7. When oxygen is present, a. most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. b. most animal cells will carry on fermentation and produce lactic acid. c. most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation. d. two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule. e. most animals will convert CO2 to ...
The Glucose/Fatty Acid Cycle 1963–2003
... supply, and Randle et al. recognized the potential importance of TG accumulation within tissues (especially muscle) in contributing acyl groups for β-oxidation: “We suggest that there is a distinct biochemical syndrome . . . due to breakdown of glycerides in adipose tissue and muscle, the symptoms o ...
... supply, and Randle et al. recognized the potential importance of TG accumulation within tissues (especially muscle) in contributing acyl groups for β-oxidation: “We suggest that there is a distinct biochemical syndrome . . . due to breakdown of glycerides in adipose tissue and muscle, the symptoms o ...
liver physiology
... enzymes. Serum proteins provide an indicator of the synthetic function of the liver. Albumin has a half-life of about 20 days and is reduced in severe cirrhosis, and also by malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome and other causes. Clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, V and fibrinogen are produced in the liver ...
... enzymes. Serum proteins provide an indicator of the synthetic function of the liver. Albumin has a half-life of about 20 days and is reduced in severe cirrhosis, and also by malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome and other causes. Clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, V and fibrinogen are produced in the liver ...
PTHR18866 CARBOXYLASE:PYRUVATE/ACETYL
... PTN000429606 - ACC • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity • all cytoplasmic, except yeast hfa1 and clade including ACC2 - these are mitochondrial • propagated “fatty acid biosynthetic process”, acetyl-CoA metabolic process, malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process and lipid metabolic process ...
... PTN000429606 - ACC • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity • all cytoplasmic, except yeast hfa1 and clade including ACC2 - these are mitochondrial • propagated “fatty acid biosynthetic process”, acetyl-CoA metabolic process, malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process and lipid metabolic process ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.