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Non-abelian quantum Hall states and fractional charges in one dimension Emma Wikberg
Non-abelian quantum Hall states and fractional charges in one dimension Emma Wikberg

Quantum Information Processing through Nuclear Magnetic
Quantum Information Processing through Nuclear Magnetic

Quantum Computing with Quantum Dots
Quantum Computing with Quantum Dots

... how a quantum computing (QC) system can be realized using localized excitons in QDs as the elementary quantum bit. According to DiVincenzo, the five requirements that must be satisfied in order to obtain a reliable QC system are: (1) a scalable system, (2) the ability to initialize qubits (3) relat ...
Creation and manipulation of entanglement in spin chains far from
Creation and manipulation of entanglement in spin chains far from

Entanglement and the black hole information paradox
Entanglement and the black hole information paradox



Review Sheet on Determining Term Symbols
Review Sheet on Determining Term Symbols

Dirac Equation
Dirac Equation

... • At this point it is convenient to introduce an explicit representation for It should be noted that physical results do not depend on the particular representation – everything is in the commutation relations. • A convenient choice is based on the Pauli spin matrices: ...
Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity and Spin Foams
Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity and Spin Foams

the application of electron spin resonance
the application of electron spin resonance

... the direct absorption curve, but as its first derivative. A typical resonance lineshape is illustrated in Fig. 2a. So far we have considered only a single unpaired electron whose interaction with its environment may be neglected. In most cases, however, the unpaired electrons are influenced by other ...
Time Reversal and Unitary Symmetries
Time Reversal and Unitary Symmetries

Spin Foam Models for Quantum Gravity
Spin Foam Models for Quantum Gravity

Majorana returns - MIT Center for Theoretical Physics
Majorana returns - MIT Center for Theoretical Physics

... not their own antiparticles and therefore not Majorana fermions. Excitons, on the other hand, are bound states of electrons and holes, and thus, in the language of second quantization, they are created by combinations of electron and hole operators, of the general form c†j ck + ckc†j . Under charge ...
Lecture notes - Oxford Physics
Lecture notes - Oxford Physics

Antiferromagnetic ground state in NpCoGe
Antiferromagnetic ground state in NpCoGe

The electronic Hamiltonian in an electromagnetic field
The electronic Hamiltonian in an electromagnetic field

Unusual ordered phases of highly frustrated magnets: a review
Unusual ordered phases of highly frustrated magnets: a review

Supercurrent through a multilevel quantum dot - FU Berlin
Supercurrent through a multilevel quantum dot - FU Berlin

... justified only in the limit of small U . The most simple truncation scheme keeps track of the self-energy as well as of an effective Coulomb interaction U (i.e., the static part of the two-particle vertex). It yields flow equations for effective system parameters and can thus be regarded as an ...
Quantum Random Walk via Classical Random Walk With Internal
Quantum Random Walk via Classical Random Walk With Internal

Carbon nanotubes in electric and magnetic fields
Carbon nanotubes in electric and magnetic fields

Particle Physics
Particle Physics

... Historically, it was thought that there were two main problems with the Klein-Gordon equation: Œ Negative energy solutions Œ The negative particle densities associated with these solutions We now know that in Quantum Field Theory these problems are overcome and the KG equation is used to describe ...
Part III Particle Physics 2008 : The Dirac Equation
Part III Particle Physics 2008 : The Dirac Equation

... Historically, it was thought that there were two main problems with the Klein-Gordon equation:  Negative energy solutions  The negative particle densities associated with these solutions We now know that in Quantum Field Theory these problems are overcome and the KG equation is used to describe ...
SU(3) - Physics
SU(3) - Physics

... Leptonic Decays of Vector Mesons What is the experimental evidence that quarks have non-integer charge ?  Both the mass splitting of baryons and mesons and baryon magnetic moments depend on (e/m) not e. Some quark models with integer charge quarks (e.g. Han-Nambu) were also successful in explaining ...
THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT: NOVEL EXCITATIONS AND BROKEN SYMMETRIES S.M. GIRVIN COURSE 2
THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT: NOVEL EXCITATIONS AND BROKEN SYMMETRIES S.M. GIRVIN COURSE 2

Light`s Orbital Angular Momentum
Light`s Orbital Angular Momentum

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Spin (physics)

In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.Spin is one of two types of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the other being orbital angular momentum. The orbital angular momentum operator is the quantum-mechanical counterpart to the classical notion of angular momentum: it arises when a particle executes a rotating or twisting trajectory (such as when an electron orbits a nucleus). The existence of spin angular momentum is inferred from experiments, such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment, in which particles are observed to possess angular momentum that cannot be accounted for by orbital angular momentum alone.In some ways, spin is like a vector quantity; it has a definite magnitude, and it has a ""direction"" (but quantization makes this ""direction"" different from the direction of an ordinary vector). All elementary particles of a given kind have the same magnitude of spin angular momentum, which is indicated by assigning the particle a spin quantum number.The SI unit of spin is the joule-second, just as with classical angular momentum. In practice, however, it is written as a multiple of the reduced Planck constant ħ, usually in natural units, where the ħ is omitted, resulting in a unitless number. Spin quantum numbers are unitless numbers by definition.When combined with the spin-statistics theorem, the spin of electrons results in the Pauli exclusion principle, which in turn underlies the periodic table of chemical elements.Wolfgang Pauli was the first to propose the concept of spin, but he did not name it. In 1925, Ralph Kronig, George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit at Leiden University suggested a physical interpretation of particles spinning around their own axis. The mathematical theory was worked out in depth by Pauli in 1927. When Paul Dirac derived his relativistic quantum mechanics in 1928, electron spin was an essential part of it.
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