'Historiographic Schools'
... of knowledge production. Later in the twfintieth century, social epistemology diverged from this kind of work to ask a slightly different question: is knowledge to be understood individually or socially? That is, is all lmowledge socially relative or somehow transcendent of all specific social conte ...
... of knowledge production. Later in the twfintieth century, social epistemology diverged from this kind of work to ask a slightly different question: is knowledge to be understood individually or socially? That is, is all lmowledge socially relative or somehow transcendent of all specific social conte ...
making evolution relevant and exciting to biology students
... evolution occurs. Most textbooks mention drift, but rarely is neutral evolution explained in any detail, and other mechanisms such as hitchhiking and genetic drive are rarely mentioned or explained. Creationists like to build a straw man by equating “evolution” with “natural selection,” and then poi ...
... evolution occurs. Most textbooks mention drift, but rarely is neutral evolution explained in any detail, and other mechanisms such as hitchhiking and genetic drive are rarely mentioned or explained. Creationists like to build a straw man by equating “evolution” with “natural selection,” and then poi ...
16.2 and 16.3 Notes
... • Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that over time, the number of individuals that carry advantageous traits will increase in a population. • Darwin presented a unifying explanation for data from multiple fields of science. • The strengths of Darwin’s work—evidence of evolut ...
... • Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that over time, the number of individuals that carry advantageous traits will increase in a population. • Darwin presented a unifying explanation for data from multiple fields of science. • The strengths of Darwin’s work—evidence of evolut ...
Lecture 3 The Darwinian Revolution
... • changes were then transmitted to subsequent generations. • now called the “inheritance of acquired ...
... • changes were then transmitted to subsequent generations. • now called the “inheritance of acquired ...
What is Sociological Theory?
... Emphasis on society as a “thing.” Spirit of Laws – scientific laws, and social laws. Importance of typologies and classificatory systems: republic, monarchy, despotism. Number, arrangement, and relations among parts. Argued that societies have “spirits,” “definite forms,” resulting from sp ...
... Emphasis on society as a “thing.” Spirit of Laws – scientific laws, and social laws. Importance of typologies and classificatory systems: republic, monarchy, despotism. Number, arrangement, and relations among parts. Argued that societies have “spirits,” “definite forms,” resulting from sp ...
War, space, and the evolution of Old World complex
... states? Existing theories are usually formulated as verbal models and, as a result, do not yield sharply defined, quantitative predictions that could be unambiguously tested with data. Here we develop a cultural evolutionary model that predicts where and when the largest-scale complex societies arose ...
... states? Existing theories are usually formulated as verbal models and, as a result, do not yield sharply defined, quantitative predictions that could be unambiguously tested with data. Here we develop a cultural evolutionary model that predicts where and when the largest-scale complex societies arose ...
The Historical Development of the Idea of
... once fossils were accepted as the impressions of onceliving organisms, there was little doubt that life went through many changes during its occupation of Earth. But how? Further work by geologists placed fossils on a time line that showed the different stages of life’s history on Earth. And it was ...
... once fossils were accepted as the impressions of onceliving organisms, there was little doubt that life went through many changes during its occupation of Earth. But how? Further work by geologists placed fossils on a time line that showed the different stages of life’s history on Earth. And it was ...
orr-newyorker
... life, that cannot be accounted for by known natural causes and show features that, in any other context, we would attribute to intelligence. Living organisms are too complex to be explained by any natural—or, more precisely, by any mindless—process. Instead, the design inherent in organisms can be a ...
... life, that cannot be accounted for by known natural causes and show features that, in any other context, we would attribute to intelligence. Living organisms are too complex to be explained by any natural—or, more precisely, by any mindless—process. Instead, the design inherent in organisms can be a ...
The big issue between science and religion: purpose vs. uncertainty
... saw life was a manifestation of progressive perfecting. Within that intellectual environment, virtually all French naturalists2 embraced some sort of “transformism” as evolution was known then. Paradigmatic of these points of view was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who called himself a “naturalist-philosophe ...
... saw life was a manifestation of progressive perfecting. Within that intellectual environment, virtually all French naturalists2 embraced some sort of “transformism” as evolution was known then. Paradigmatic of these points of view was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who called himself a “naturalist-philosophe ...
Jeopardy Powerpoint Review Game
... of an homologous structure. Answer: Body parts that have different development but similar structure ...
... of an homologous structure. Answer: Body parts that have different development but similar structure ...
improving treatment to meet the
... This theory doesn’t explain all juvenile delinquency which also appears to be engaged in for fun and not to meet the society’s specific goals. This is why in treating the juvenile offender we must not assume that the offender’s idea of conformity is a rational choice. To suggest conformity to someon ...
... This theory doesn’t explain all juvenile delinquency which also appears to be engaged in for fun and not to meet the society’s specific goals. This is why in treating the juvenile offender we must not assume that the offender’s idea of conformity is a rational choice. To suggest conformity to someon ...
2.1. Culture - Council of Europe
... element in attempting to understand another’s way of life, but part of the reflective process is to relate new understanding to one’s own values and beliefs with tolerance and respect for those of others. The concept of tolerance is often used in the etymological sense as ‘enduring’ (Latin: tolerar ...
... element in attempting to understand another’s way of life, but part of the reflective process is to relate new understanding to one’s own values and beliefs with tolerance and respect for those of others. The concept of tolerance is often used in the etymological sense as ‘enduring’ (Latin: tolerar ...
Rural - urban co-development - challenges to post
... reproduction (for the individual as well as for the species) is for instance only possibly by means of biological mechanisms; simultaneously construction of real capital is only possible by means of natural resources converted by means of human labour. As individuals, society, and species we therefo ...
... reproduction (for the individual as well as for the species) is for instance only possibly by means of biological mechanisms; simultaneously construction of real capital is only possible by means of natural resources converted by means of human labour. As individuals, society, and species we therefo ...
Culture as a system of adaptation and survival
... 4. Memes may also increase in frequency if they lead one to achieve influential position in social hierarchy (discussed below) These differences can produce very different outcomes from genetic evolution; specifically, they allow us to predict that: 1) Cultural evol. will generally be much more rapi ...
... 4. Memes may also increase in frequency if they lead one to achieve influential position in social hierarchy (discussed below) These differences can produce very different outcomes from genetic evolution; specifically, they allow us to predict that: 1) Cultural evol. will generally be much more rapi ...
chapters_10-12_review
... Within the population increases. What Best explains the cause in this increase? ...
... Within the population increases. What Best explains the cause in this increase? ...
Dual-inheritance theory: the evolution of human cultural capacities
... are noisy, the observations of a small sample may lead a learner to misperceive competence. Cues of success, in contrast, often average over many performances, which can help to reduce the error in the learner's assessment of who to learn from. The evolutionary theory underpinning this form of model ...
... are noisy, the observations of a small sample may lead a learner to misperceive competence. Cues of success, in contrast, often average over many performances, which can help to reduce the error in the learner's assessment of who to learn from. The evolutionary theory underpinning this form of model ...
What is Sociological Theory?
... X and Y are concepts, and are things which must be able to vary, or take on more than one value. Classical Sociological Theory ...
... X and Y are concepts, and are things which must be able to vary, or take on more than one value. Classical Sociological Theory ...
Untitled - Cognella Titles Store
... would do away with the notion of God that he had learned as a child. Others were left to take up the reins of unsentimental science and pioneer onward where he feared to tread. In the scientific method, there are two dispassionate and logical philosophical means of testing proposed ideas—the inducti ...
... would do away with the notion of God that he had learned as a child. Others were left to take up the reins of unsentimental science and pioneer onward where he feared to tread. In the scientific method, there are two dispassionate and logical philosophical means of testing proposed ideas—the inducti ...
16_4 - Mater Academy of International Studies
... All historical records are incomplete, and the history of life is no exception. The evidence we do have, however, tells an unmistakable story of evolutionary change. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology What do homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggest about the process of ...
... All historical records are incomplete, and the history of life is no exception. The evidence we do have, however, tells an unmistakable story of evolutionary change. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology What do homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggest about the process of ...
How is BioLogos different from Darwinism or Social
... "The aid which we feel impelled to give to the helpless is mainly an incidental result of the instinct of sympathy, which was originally acquired as part of the social instincts, but subsequently rendered, in the manner previously indicated, more tender and more widely diffused. Nor could we check o ...
... "The aid which we feel impelled to give to the helpless is mainly an incidental result of the instinct of sympathy, which was originally acquired as part of the social instincts, but subsequently rendered, in the manner previously indicated, more tender and more widely diffused. Nor could we check o ...
AP Biology Unit 4
... how microevolution can be used to explain macroevolution. 3. Interdependence in nature. How is the biological species concept used to clearly define differences between organisms in nature? 4. Relationship of structure to function. Using the eye as an example, how has evolution contributed to the re ...
... how microevolution can be used to explain macroevolution. 3. Interdependence in nature. How is the biological species concept used to clearly define differences between organisms in nature? 4. Relationship of structure to function. Using the eye as an example, how has evolution contributed to the re ...
Biological Aging Theories - A One-Page Summary
... evolutionary viewpoint. We are all familiar with Darwin’s natural selection or survival-of-thefittest idea that explains why different species have their particular designs. There are now three different versions of that theory that differ regarding the way the evolution process relates to aging. Da ...
... evolutionary viewpoint. We are all familiar with Darwin’s natural selection or survival-of-thefittest idea that explains why different species have their particular designs. There are now three different versions of that theory that differ regarding the way the evolution process relates to aging. Da ...
Evolution Intro
... Shadow drove into the Speedy Service Station and pulled up to the pumps. “Fill it up please,” said Shadow. “This may sound strange,” said the owner, “but I’d rather fill up two cars from out of town than one car from this town.” Shadow looked at the man and replied, “I know just what you mean.” ...
... Shadow drove into the Speedy Service Station and pulled up to the pumps. “Fill it up please,” said Shadow. “This may sound strange,” said the owner, “but I’d rather fill up two cars from out of town than one car from this town.” Shadow looked at the man and replied, “I know just what you mean.” ...
Evolution
... • Caterpillars have competition for food, survival & reproduction. • Who will survive the longest? – Best camouflage = less likely to be seen by predators = longer survival = more reproduction • If those that look like bird poop survive longer, what will the population start to look like over many g ...
... • Caterpillars have competition for food, survival & reproduction. • Who will survive the longest? – Best camouflage = less likely to be seen by predators = longer survival = more reproduction • If those that look like bird poop survive longer, what will the population start to look like over many g ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.