ePortfolio Signature Assignment Natural Selection
... the fourteen different species that derived from a common ancestor. Darwin later wrote about what he had learned from a specific bird, “The most curious fact is the perfect gradation in the size of the beaks of the different species of Geospiza... Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in ...
... the fourteen different species that derived from a common ancestor. Darwin later wrote about what he had learned from a specific bird, “The most curious fact is the perfect gradation in the size of the beaks of the different species of Geospiza... Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in ...
Descent with Modification
... Production of more individuals than the environment can support leads to a struggle for existence among individuals of a population, with only a fraction of their offspring surviving each generation. ...
... Production of more individuals than the environment can support leads to a struggle for existence among individuals of a population, with only a fraction of their offspring surviving each generation. ...
Distortion of symmetrical introgression in a hybrid zone
... mtDNA of one species and the homozygote of the other species (BB). The estimator D2 is of special interest because it estimates whether heterozygote (hybrid) individuals are more likely to have one species’ mtDNA than the other. A significant value implies fitness differences relative to genetic bac ...
... mtDNA of one species and the homozygote of the other species (BB). The estimator D2 is of special interest because it estimates whether heterozygote (hybrid) individuals are more likely to have one species’ mtDNA than the other. A significant value implies fitness differences relative to genetic bac ...
Thermal adaptation and ecological speciation
... within generations or between generations, respectively (Lynch & Gabriel 1987; Gilchrist 1995 summarized in Angilletta 2009). However, both models agree that the performance of an organism should be maximal at the temperature it experiences most often (Angilletta 2009). Consequently, we would expect ...
... within generations or between generations, respectively (Lynch & Gabriel 1987; Gilchrist 1995 summarized in Angilletta 2009). However, both models agree that the performance of an organism should be maximal at the temperature it experiences most often (Angilletta 2009). Consequently, we would expect ...
Zoology Learning Goals Fall, 2012
... c. Be able to recognize atypical but significant (i.e. covered in class) members of the taxon by sight. d. Know key characteristics of the taxon as covered in class. These would include any characteristics of the larger taxa to which it belongs. e. Know where members of the taxa can be found. f. Kno ...
... c. Be able to recognize atypical but significant (i.e. covered in class) members of the taxon by sight. d. Know key characteristics of the taxon as covered in class. These would include any characteristics of the larger taxa to which it belongs. e. Know where members of the taxa can be found. f. Kno ...
Competitive speciation
... (usually this is represented as a third dimension, altitude, but it could be the second or the fifth or the n + Pt). In Darwin’s and Wallace’s arguments for natural selection, fitness was the net rate of reproduction of a phenotype. Population geneticists have come to realize that other influences s ...
... (usually this is represented as a third dimension, altitude, but it could be the second or the fifth or the n + Pt). In Darwin’s and Wallace’s arguments for natural selection, fitness was the net rate of reproduction of a phenotype. Population geneticists have come to realize that other influences s ...
Honors Biology Term II Review questions.
... 112. Describe the kingdom Archaebacteria. 113. Describe the kingdom Eubacteria. 114. Describe the kingdom Protista. 115. Describe the kingdom plantae. 116. Describe the kingdom fungi. 117. Describe the kingdom animalia. 118. Describe the evolution of plants. 119. Name at least one differen ...
... 112. Describe the kingdom Archaebacteria. 113. Describe the kingdom Eubacteria. 114. Describe the kingdom Protista. 115. Describe the kingdom plantae. 116. Describe the kingdom fungi. 117. Describe the kingdom animalia. 118. Describe the evolution of plants. 119. Name at least one differen ...
Skipper/Millstein, “Evolutionary Mechanisms” - Philsci
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
uncovering cryptic genetic variation
... floral traits . No consensus has been reached on the key evolutionary mechanisms that produce canalization. Some important work has distinguished between environmental and genetic canalization10, predicting that canalization that is induced by changes in the environment can evolve under a broad rang ...
... floral traits . No consensus has been reached on the key evolutionary mechanisms that produce canalization. Some important work has distinguished between environmental and genetic canalization10, predicting that canalization that is induced by changes in the environment can evolve under a broad rang ...
Challenges to the Theory of Evolution
... direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. . .I will lay it on the line, There is not one such fossil for which one might make a watertight argument.” -- Dr. Colin Patterson, senior paleontologist at the Briti ...
... direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. . .I will lay it on the line, There is not one such fossil for which one might make a watertight argument.” -- Dr. Colin Patterson, senior paleontologist at the Briti ...
Darwinian foundations for evolutionary economics Stoelhorst, JW
... A possible answer is that generalized Darwinism explains change over time. However, there are two reasons why this is not satisfactory. The first pertains to the project of generalizing Darwinism as such: the explananda of Darwinism are in fact much more specific than change over time. Darwinism can ...
... A possible answer is that generalized Darwinism explains change over time. However, there are two reasons why this is not satisfactory. The first pertains to the project of generalizing Darwinism as such: the explananda of Darwinism are in fact much more specific than change over time. Darwinism can ...
Evolution5Challenges.ppt - Heinz Lycklama`s Website
... direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. . .I will lay it on the line, There is not one such fossil for which one might make a watertight argument.” -- Dr. Colin Patterson, senior paleontologist at the Briti ...
... direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. . .I will lay it on the line, There is not one such fossil for which one might make a watertight argument.” -- Dr. Colin Patterson, senior paleontologist at the Briti ...
On Adaptive Accuracy and Precision in Natural Populations
... has a positive second derivative), then any variation, including developmental noise, may increase the expected fitness of an individual. The model to be presented here applies to traits that are under stabilizing selection in the vicinity of a local fitness optimum. In this case the fitness functio ...
... has a positive second derivative), then any variation, including developmental noise, may increase the expected fitness of an individual. The model to be presented here applies to traits that are under stabilizing selection in the vicinity of a local fitness optimum. In this case the fitness functio ...
Evolution of Cooperation in a Heterogeneous Graph: Fixation
... baseline fitness; and (iv) for the evolutionary dynamics, in each time step, a random individual is chosen to die, and the neighbors compete for the empty site proportional to their fitness (this process is called ‘death-birth’ updating). Ohtsuki et al.’s theoretical results show that if all individ ...
... baseline fitness; and (iv) for the evolutionary dynamics, in each time step, a random individual is chosen to die, and the neighbors compete for the empty site proportional to their fitness (this process is called ‘death-birth’ updating). Ohtsuki et al.’s theoretical results show that if all individ ...
adaptations, genetic variation and natural selection
... completed. Lessons that include a field trip take the entire school day. Depending on the number of science classes taught each week, the duration of this unit will vary. Due to complex topics, students may need extra time to review concepts before starting lessons, which will also affect the durati ...
... completed. Lessons that include a field trip take the entire school day. Depending on the number of science classes taught each week, the duration of this unit will vary. Due to complex topics, students may need extra time to review concepts before starting lessons, which will also affect the durati ...
Evolution
... Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species. Darwin inferred that if humans could change species by artificial selection, then perhaps the same process could work in nature. ...
... Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species. Darwin inferred that if humans could change species by artificial selection, then perhaps the same process could work in nature. ...
Canalization, Genetic Assimilation and Preadaptation: A
... of these changes, being more suitable to the present environment than the current wild type, will help the population to survive through the critical situation and at the same time will provide natural selection with genetic variation that the process of assimilation can rapidly use to stabilize and ...
... of these changes, being more suitable to the present environment than the current wild type, will help the population to survive through the critical situation and at the same time will provide natural selection with genetic variation that the process of assimilation can rapidly use to stabilize and ...
natural selection in populations subject to a migration load
... immigration of locally maladapted alleles. Migration load is analogous to the “mutation load” that arises when mutation inputs new alleles that, on average, are expected to be less fit than existing alleles. Although both migration and mutation have the potential to import locally beneficial novel a ...
... immigration of locally maladapted alleles. Migration load is analogous to the “mutation load” that arises when mutation inputs new alleles that, on average, are expected to be less fit than existing alleles. Although both migration and mutation have the potential to import locally beneficial novel a ...
LAB: Simulating Natural Selection
... that organisms change over very long periods of time. Although many scientists accepted this concept, known as evolution, the factors that caused these changes to occur were not understood. Both Darwin and another naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), made some observations on separate trip ...
... that organisms change over very long periods of time. Although many scientists accepted this concept, known as evolution, the factors that caused these changes to occur were not understood. Both Darwin and another naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), made some observations on separate trip ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... genetics – often ignores the original impetus of its creation, population ecology. Both Darwin and Wallace independently happened upon the idea of natural selection after reading Malthus' treatise on population growth and human suffering (Malthus, 1826). Some of the earliest ecologists to investigat ...
... genetics – often ignores the original impetus of its creation, population ecology. Both Darwin and Wallace independently happened upon the idea of natural selection after reading Malthus' treatise on population growth and human suffering (Malthus, 1826). Some of the earliest ecologists to investigat ...
miller 2000 mentaltraits - The University of New Mexico
... raised by new developments in sexual selection theory and animal signaling theory for evolutionary psychology’s adaptationism. It suggests our adaptationist criteria must recognize two typical kinds of psychological adaptations: naturally selected survival mechanisms and sexually selected fitness in ...
... raised by new developments in sexual selection theory and animal signaling theory for evolutionary psychology’s adaptationism. It suggests our adaptationist criteria must recognize two typical kinds of psychological adaptations: naturally selected survival mechanisms and sexually selected fitness in ...
- roar@UEL - University of East London
... epigenetic mechanisms. They are present in many taxa and multiple epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to affect development and disease; including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. The erasure of epigenetic marks at the germline and embryogenesis in vertebrates is quite exte ...
... epigenetic mechanisms. They are present in many taxa and multiple epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to affect development and disease; including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. The erasure of epigenetic marks at the germline and embryogenesis in vertebrates is quite exte ...
Can sexual selection theory inform genetic management of captive
... be released to overcome small-population limiting factors (e.g., environmental and demographic stochasticity, Allee effects), in addition to being well adapted to their environment and able to respond to future selection pressures. Thus, for these reintroduced individuals to have a good chance at po ...
... be released to overcome small-population limiting factors (e.g., environmental and demographic stochasticity, Allee effects), in addition to being well adapted to their environment and able to respond to future selection pressures. Thus, for these reintroduced individuals to have a good chance at po ...
Darwinian metaphysics
... During the course of the twentieth century, the main contributions to process-Darwinism were made by R. Campbell, D. C. Dennett, D. Hull, H. C. Plotkin, K. R. Popper, and R. Dawkins. Process-Darwinism need not be committed to gene-reductionism, and yet it retains as defining characteristic Darwinian ...
... During the course of the twentieth century, the main contributions to process-Darwinism were made by R. Campbell, D. C. Dennett, D. Hull, H. C. Plotkin, K. R. Popper, and R. Dawkins. Process-Darwinism need not be committed to gene-reductionism, and yet it retains as defining characteristic Darwinian ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.