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pigs
pigs

... mechanism by which they do. There is now far more of this sort of thing around than I am able to survey. But an example or two may give the feel of it. ...
File
File

... Individuals regardless of environment, heredity, or social interaction. Potential mates have an equal chance of being selected. As long as mating was random and no other mechanisms of evolution were happening, no evolution would occur in this population. ...
a. Trace the history of the theory.
a. Trace the history of the theory.

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Survival of the Sickest

... the Galapagos archipelago, where Darwin received his first inklings of the theory of evolution, two scientists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, have spent twenty years proving the Darwin did not know the strength of his own theory. For among the finches of Daphne Major, natural selection in neither rare n ...
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... Sticklebacks are small fish that inhabit lakes, rivers, and oceans in the northern hemisphere. They were introduced to the Lake Constance region around 150 years ago. These fish provide a rare example of natural selection and evolution over short timescales. The sticklebacks that live in freshwater ...
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... Galapagos Island and see how he connected the animals found there to species known in South America and Europe. The story of how his theories became accepted by the scientific community concludes this segment. Questions: 1. As summarized by Drs. Moore and Mayr, what are the major elements of Darwin’ ...
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... Basis of Darwinism 1. Organisms vary 2. Some of that variation is inherited 3. All organisms produce more offspring than can survive 4. On the average, those that survive will be the ones better adapted or suited to local environments (natural selection) N.B. As environments change, different charac ...
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Natural selection



Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.
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