Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... other things, shared engineering search heuristics, ways of defining problems, user preferences, expectations, product characteristics, skills, standards and regulatory frameworks. To conclude, a sociotechnical regime carries and stores the rules for how to produce, use and regulate specific product ...
... other things, shared engineering search heuristics, ways of defining problems, user preferences, expectations, product characteristics, skills, standards and regulatory frameworks. To conclude, a sociotechnical regime carries and stores the rules for how to produce, use and regulate specific product ...
z-creation-evolution-N
... reproduction), and may give rise to alternative traits in organisms. Another source of variation is genetic recombination, which shuffles the genes into new combinations which can result in organisms exhibiting different traits. Under certain circumstances, variation can also be increased by the tra ...
... reproduction), and may give rise to alternative traits in organisms. Another source of variation is genetic recombination, which shuffles the genes into new combinations which can result in organisms exhibiting different traits. Under certain circumstances, variation can also be increased by the tra ...
Genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation: the lake
... form, typically growing slower, maturing at a much earlier age and size, and living in the limnetic zone of lakes, and a larger ‘normal’ form, which grows faster, reaches a larger size, matures at a later age and lives within the benthic zone of lakes. Their phenotypic divergence is recent (less tha ...
... form, typically growing slower, maturing at a much earlier age and size, and living in the limnetic zone of lakes, and a larger ‘normal’ form, which grows faster, reaches a larger size, matures at a later age and lives within the benthic zone of lakes. Their phenotypic divergence is recent (less tha ...
reinforcement in chorus frogs: lifetime fitness
... To test for the presence of male or female hybrid sterility, secondgeneration crosses were created using laboratory-raised P. feriarum and hybrid P. feriarum × P. nigrita. These species and their hybrids reach sexual maturity at 10–12 months posthatching. We used a split-clutch and split-sperm desig ...
... To test for the presence of male or female hybrid sterility, secondgeneration crosses were created using laboratory-raised P. feriarum and hybrid P. feriarum × P. nigrita. These species and their hybrids reach sexual maturity at 10–12 months posthatching. We used a split-clutch and split-sperm desig ...
The great opportunity: Evolutionary applications to medicine and
... theory of transmission by gemmules was inconsistent with his theory of natural selection (Richards 1987). Natural selection was not re-incorporated into biology until its underpinnings in population genetics were developed in the early to middle years of the 20th century (Fisher 1930). Even then, th ...
... theory of transmission by gemmules was inconsistent with his theory of natural selection (Richards 1987). Natural selection was not re-incorporated into biology until its underpinnings in population genetics were developed in the early to middle years of the 20th century (Fisher 1930). Even then, th ...
Evolutionary Mechanisims and Hardy
... 2. No genetic drift or random allele frequency changes affecting the gene in question. 3. No gene flow. 4. No mutation. 5. Random mating. ►Be able to explain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the reason for each condition. Evolution is a process resulting in changes in the genetic makeup of populat ...
... 2. No genetic drift or random allele frequency changes affecting the gene in question. 3. No gene flow. 4. No mutation. 5. Random mating. ►Be able to explain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the reason for each condition. Evolution is a process resulting in changes in the genetic makeup of populat ...
Chapter 22 Darwin
... parents to offspring • Observation #3: All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment ...
... parents to offspring • Observation #3: All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment ...
Charles Darwin Biography
... geology but a new way of understanding nature. Lyell showed how tiny, slow, gradual and cumulative change over immense periods of time could produce large changes. Natural, visible, non-miraculous causes should be sought to explain natural phenomenon. Darwin had the opportunity to witness all of the ...
... geology but a new way of understanding nature. Lyell showed how tiny, slow, gradual and cumulative change over immense periods of time could produce large changes. Natural, visible, non-miraculous causes should be sought to explain natural phenomenon. Darwin had the opportunity to witness all of the ...
- Wiley Online Library
... because it decreased hybridization with P. cuspidata (Hopkins & Rausher, 2012). Alternative hypotheses As already discussed, other evolutionary processes can cause divergence in reproductive traits between allopatric and sympatric populations. Even if reinforcement is acting to decrease hybridizatio ...
... because it decreased hybridization with P. cuspidata (Hopkins & Rausher, 2012). Alternative hypotheses As already discussed, other evolutionary processes can cause divergence in reproductive traits between allopatric and sympatric populations. Even if reinforcement is acting to decrease hybridizatio ...
Darwin Collection - Science
... verbal flood to one of the biggest questions in all of biology: how life began. The only words he published in a book appeared near the end of On the Origin of Raw ingredients Species: “Probably all the organic beings which Life—or at least life as we know it—appears to have ever lived on this earth ...
... verbal flood to one of the biggest questions in all of biology: how life began. The only words he published in a book appeared near the end of On the Origin of Raw ingredients Species: “Probably all the organic beings which Life—or at least life as we know it—appears to have ever lived on this earth ...
Two concepts of natural selection and their explanatory powers
... be richer than other members of the population. There is selection in this population (for being rich): there is heritable variation of fitness. But as being rich is an entirely acquired trait with no genetic component, there is no replication. We have selection without replication. (2) Selection ca ...
... be richer than other members of the population. There is selection in this population (for being rich): there is heritable variation of fitness. But as being rich is an entirely acquired trait with no genetic component, there is no replication. We have selection without replication. (2) Selection ca ...
Chapter 16 Powerpoint
... • By Darwin’s time, the relatively new science of geology was providing evidence to support new and different ideas about Earth’s history. • Geologists James Hutton and Charles Lyell formed important hypotheses based on the work of other researchers and on evidence they uncovered themselves. • Geolo ...
... • By Darwin’s time, the relatively new science of geology was providing evidence to support new and different ideas about Earth’s history. • Geologists James Hutton and Charles Lyell formed important hypotheses based on the work of other researchers and on evidence they uncovered themselves. • Geolo ...
Evolution by Jumps: Francis Galton and William Bateson
... weather maps of Europe and the British Isles. These Genetics 159: 1383–1392 ( December 2001) ...
... weather maps of Europe and the British Isles. These Genetics 159: 1383–1392 ( December 2001) ...
The Heritability of External Morphology in Darwin`s Ground Finches
... depth, width, and LA4. There was no sigif there was a strong territory quality e ...
... depth, width, and LA4. There was no sigif there was a strong territory quality e ...
7th Grade Social Studies Fair Projects
... Society, a scientific organization, in London a few weeks later. Clearly Darwin had come up with the idea first, but both men got credit for it.26 Darwin expected lots of criticism because he knew that many people would disagree, but it didn't come until after Nov. 24, 1859, when Darwin published h ...
... Society, a scientific organization, in London a few weeks later. Clearly Darwin had come up with the idea first, but both men got credit for it.26 Darwin expected lots of criticism because he knew that many people would disagree, but it didn't come until after Nov. 24, 1859, when Darwin published h ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. ...
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. ...
Chapter 13 Notes
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. • Scientists now know that genes are responsible for inherited traits. ...
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. • Scientists now know that genes are responsible for inherited traits. ...
Ecological Speciation Among Blue Holes in Mosquitofish
... and does not require selection to directly favor reproductive isolation (i.e., reinforcement). Theory suggests that divergent natural selection between environments might often result in speciation as a by-product, however only a handful of examples where this may occur have so far been revealed (e. ...
... and does not require selection to directly favor reproductive isolation (i.e., reinforcement). Theory suggests that divergent natural selection between environments might often result in speciation as a by-product, however only a handful of examples where this may occur have so far been revealed (e. ...
a new use for an old theory - PUC-SP
... Wright originally elucidates the important idea that is latent in Darwin’s theory that “there are many consequences of the ultimate law or uniformities in nature, through which the acquisition of one useful power will bring with it many resulting advantages, as well as limiting disadvantages, actual ...
... Wright originally elucidates the important idea that is latent in Darwin’s theory that “there are many consequences of the ultimate law or uniformities in nature, through which the acquisition of one useful power will bring with it many resulting advantages, as well as limiting disadvantages, actual ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... that may otherwise require several simultaneous point mutations (see Discussion). This might be particularly pertinent when diverse alleles evolved in different gene pools are being brought together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other ...
... that may otherwise require several simultaneous point mutations (see Discussion). This might be particularly pertinent when diverse alleles evolved in different gene pools are being brought together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other ...
LabReviewS13 Labs1-6-2
... Identify traits and variations in traits Cross-pollinate (top 10%) for selected trait Collect data for 2 generations (P and F1) ...
... Identify traits and variations in traits Cross-pollinate (top 10%) for selected trait Collect data for 2 generations (P and F1) ...
Lab review 1-6
... Identify traits and variations in traits Cross-pollinate (top 10%) for selected trait Collect data for 2 generations (P and F1) ...
... Identify traits and variations in traits Cross-pollinate (top 10%) for selected trait Collect data for 2 generations (P and F1) ...
Chapter 13 PowerPoint File
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. • Scientists now know that genes are responsible for inherited traits. ...
... in any population, individuals that are best suited to survive and do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. • Scientists now know that genes are responsible for inherited traits. ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.